Currently the Fedora projects provides cloud images as qcow2 and raw disk files. Microsoft’s Azure however only supports VHD files. Fortunately qemu-img can convert between those formats:

qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -o subformat=fixed,force_size -O vpc \
  Fedora-Cloud-Base-27-1.6.x86_64.qcow2 \
  Fedora-Cloud-Base-27-1.6.x86_64.vhd

Note that the subformat options fixed and force_size are required for Azure to be able to use the disk image since Azure only supports fixed sized disks.